The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. It also decided that the Public . The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Population of the country This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Your email address will not be published. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. /F6 21 0 R Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . /Length 3884 The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. /Width 371 (eds. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. What is federalism? To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. June 1,2022 The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. %PDF-1.5 In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Payment Details. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. welcome, and thanks for reading us. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Asst. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Hon. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. by the federal or any state government. Nigeria. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. You are welcome dear reader. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. %PDF-1.5 To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. >> We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). /Parent 2 0 R There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. 7. s" Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Historical experience 3.2 2. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Your email address will not be published. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions.
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