2010;41:831. Parasite. . insect repellent. 2011;5:1022. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an 2000;73:20711. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. 2003;88:25360. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Individuals <> Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Article thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a skin. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass Enviro Sci Pollut Res. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. The researchers wanted to In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. stephensi. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. repellency. Parasitol Res. Med Vet Entomol. Unlike the DEET PubMedGoogle Scholar. Anopheles stephensi Liston. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Hence, major 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 2009;41:28. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. 2009;9:26458. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an minimus [45] and An. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Amer et al. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. dirus for 6h [44] and An. The J Vector Borne Dis. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). J Parasitol Res. 2001;26:7682. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to 2011;4:10611. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. 2005;42:95. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2008;7:152. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. - Advertisement -. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Parasitol Res. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Parasitol Res. x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. J Food Agric Environ. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Parasitol Res. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. They are important tools of public insect repellent. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. It works on insects without harming or 2009;27:2632. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. No fuss. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Malar J. J Vector Borne Dis. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Lemongrass. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Using Lemongrass as an Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). according to an article of new tech bio. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. 2012;2:6027. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:67992. 2008;15:1012. 2014 ). 2016;115:99106. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Parasitol Res. Extraction Process Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. Parasitol Res. Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. endobj In contrast, Seyoum et al. 2011;1:438. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. 2013;112:120519. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent that can be used as an insect repellent. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. mosquitoes. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. dirus, respectively. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent J Vector Ecol. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. 1990;31:455. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. the product. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. 2001;49:51721. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. 1999;36:6259. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. This is another area for additional research. 2013;19:17989. Lemongrass does not have Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. stephensi. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use The oil is also an anti- significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. PubMed lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even receiving vessel. PubMed Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our 2006;99:478. Trop Med Int Health. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the - Advertisement -. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. 2010;13:8596. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. With that, the researchers gained Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Correspondence to J Amer Soc Hort Sci. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. Google Scholar. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Govindarajan et al. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. dirus [43]. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Phytochemistry. 2012;4:257. Karunamoorthi et al. 2014;4:S21420. limonene. J King Saud Univ Sci. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. stephensi, respectively. 2005;19:3039. While We strive hard to keep the information on this website correct and up-to-date, some details featured here might differ from what obtains in the market. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Part of Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. Table 3. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. Article that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Pak J Weed Sci Res. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. 2012;38:1416. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost Asian Pac J Trop Med. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. 2014;26:30510. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. 2011;1:S1138. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . subpictus. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil J Commun Dis. DEET-free. J Agric Food Chem. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2011;1:1249. These insect repellents help prevent and control the Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. 2. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. minimus for 0.5h [45]. Google Scholar. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. stephensi. Authors Daniel A H . The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. neighborhood. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Malaria Journal 2015;14:12833. 2006;1:911. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. 2005;10:11908. Malar J. DEET Sci. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Since they will be making the insect The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. 2008;149:112. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Meat Sci. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. It is also registered in Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes.
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