Eli Laskali (né Erich Lichblauheier), born in 1911 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic), discusses his family; his father's death when he was nine; pre-war antisemitism; studying to be a window decorator, then working in 1930 as a decorative painter in Hamburg, Germany; experiencing antisemitism in Hamburg; returning to Ostrava and working as a poster painter; participating in Tehelet-Lavan; military service; meeting his wife in 1934 and getting married in Andrychów (her hometown) in 1937; his mother's deportation to Poland in 1938; all non-Czech Jews being ordered to be deported to Poland in 1939; escaping to Prague, Czech Republic on the last train before war broke out; joining Hechalutz and being placed on a farm in Dobešice; organizing a group to work for a wealthy peasant near Písek; being transported along with his wife to Bohušovice then walking to Theresienstadt in November 1942; living in the Hechalutz barrack; working in Terezin as a painter of buildings and posters; painting daily life in Terezin and keeping paintings hidden; trading drawings for extra food; being transferred to Germany for forced labor in 1944; returning to Theresienstadt in March 1945; being liberated from Terezin in 1945; immigrating to Palestine with his wife in 1947; and his drawings of life in Theresienstadt, which he destroyed fearing their discovery then recreated after the war. Hadar ben Zion, born in Warsaw, Poland in 1936, describes his religious family; the walls of the Warsaw ghetto going up; experiencing hunger, food rationing, and seeing people lying on the street dead in the ghetto; how when he was about five or six, his sister would sneak him out of the ghetto, so they could go and sing in courtyards for money and food which they smuggled back to the ghetto; his older sister’s role as a nurse in the ghetto hospital; how she took him to stay at the hospital to save him the deportation that occurred the following day, during which his family was deported; how the hospital staff and his sister were taken away and he escaped the hospital; escaping the ghetto and meeting other Jewish children, with whom he started a life on the streets buying and selling newspapers, cigarettes, and staying overnight in different places; making his living riding on trains and singing; being liberated by Russians; and his memories riding in a Russian tank through the ruins of Warsaw. United States--Emigration and immigration. Meir Bussak, born in 1912, discusses his childhood in Krakow, Poland; going to study Jewish history in Warsaw, Poland; increasing antisemitism; being expelled from Krakow to a work camp; working for Simens, building railroad tracks; the dismantling of the work camp; being sent to Płaszów; forced labor in the quarry in Płaszów and living conditions; being chosen for Schindler’s factory in Brněnec, Czechoslovakia; his personal connection with Schindler and Schindler’s wife; and liberation by the Soviets. Elieyzer Zilber, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, March 2, 1925, discusses his early family life; joining the underground movement in pre-Soviet Lithuania; the German invasion of Lithuania; the rise of the nationalists; mass killings of Lithuanian Jews; establishment of Kaunas ghetto; the Judenrat in Kaunas; a major action on October 28, 1941 and the murder of people the next day at the 9th Fort; the underground anti-fascist organization; partisan activity; the cooperation between ghetto underground and partisans; being smuggled from the ghetto to reach partisans; what happened to ghetto inhabitants; Yiddish culture in Vilnius; being in Haim David Ratner’s partisan unit; partisan missions; liberation by the Soviets; his job in the Central Archives of Lithuania after liberation; what happened to his family; and his postwar marriage. Leon Blatt, born in 1919 in Katowice, Poland, discuses his family; moving to Będzin, Poland at the start of the war then Sosnowiec, Poland; his involvement in the Judenrat; performing forced labor in German factories; organizing an underground movement; creating false papers and helping to smuggle people to Slovakia and Hungary; the liquation of the ghetto in November 1943; living under the false identity Roma Nowakowski; moving to Budapest, Hungary in 1943; joining a Zionist group; being captured at the Romanian border and being sent to Auschwitz; liberation by the Soviets; becoming head of the Jewish community in Sosnowiec; staying in Poland until 1949; living in Germany for 25 years; and his immigration to Israel. Hanna Greishitzki, born in 1926 in Cluj, Romania, discusses German forces arriving in Cluj in March 1944; the swift implementation of anti-Jewish measures; being forced into the ghetto May 3, 1944; being deported to Auschwitz; conditions on the train; arriving in Auschwitz; being taken to the labor camp Hainichen; working conditions in the factory; atrocities in the camp; marching to trains to take them to Theresidenstadt (Terezin) in April 1945; being very ill; being liberated by Soviets; her life after the war; and dealing with the emotional effects of the war and Auschwitz.
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