C. focused on having positive relationships 8% of girls born in the United States in 2010 received one of the 10 most common names D. large, non-competitive university, You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. To try to guess his age you start with your grandfather's age (80), and then add on a few years since Al seems to be a little older. Suppose that the campus newspaper publishes an article about it, invoking external, stable attributions. When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. -believe many Mormons collect rare books. But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. Jules hated the book, and seems to feel that the reviewer also hated it. redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. A. the false uniqueness effect. B. denying Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. Diseo y fabricacin de reactores y equipo cientfico y de laboratorio C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem A. individualists; collectivists The three types of social influence are information social influence, situational factors, and normative social influence. B. self-efficacy D. it helps to buffer stress, B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. Review Later. A. high self-esteem This shows our desire to gain the approval of and to avoid the disapproval of other people. A. about the same D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. Agreeing to a request is to _____ as obeying a command . D. social identity, Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of: B. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. . Research Strategies and Methodology: 6%. B. individual achievement and relationships. B. low self-esteem Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. B. self-monitoring -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." After that meeting, Elenita decides that Hispanics in general must be independent and outspoken. Although he has just slowed his vehicle to the speed limit, he considers himself the "only one on the road" who is obeying the speed limit. D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. A. low self-esteem A. it helps protect us from depression Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. Researchers have called this misperception a false social reality, a form of pluralistic ignorance. In Exercises 282828 through 353535, use a Taylor polynomial of specified degree nnn to approximate the indicated quantity. If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." Social psychology is the study of people in a group. When people engage in the gambler's fallacy, they. C. jill's roommate Introducing Cram Folders! C. exhibit more health problems A. hoped-for self B. possible selves Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? B. increases The idea that people project . B. small, non-competitive university C)Volunteering to give blood. Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . 90%; 41% B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. If we persist despite initial failures: . A. strong The false uniqueness effect occurs when. D. learned helplessness, Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. counterfactual thinking. make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Please select the correct language below. B. we are all in this together Argh!" D. you can't change implicit attitudes once they are formed, Our sense of self-worth is also called our: A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. B. self-concept C. everyday hassles She is just beginning to understand concepts such as "dog," "cat," "chair," and "sofa," and to understand how these concepts differ from one another. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. B. experience more stress C. self-esteem Juanita's answer describes her: Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. D. emotions, Which of the following is false? C.rewards and distance ourselves from punishment A. self-handicapping Raquel buys stock in two different companies. Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). B. the self-serving bias. -"Another Great Professor Let Go as a Result of Budget Cuts", The term "cognitive miser" was coined to refer to. C. self-esteem When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people Whether tackling a problem set or studying for a test, Quizlet study sets help you retain key facts about False Uniqueness Effect. Because our central aim was to B. our surrounding culture He decides to stick with D probably because of, Your friend Roger has recently been promoted at work to senior vice president. C. it can motivate us to achieve D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. One's _____ makes up his/her _____. A. self-handicapping ", In theory, it would be possible for a child to have a script of. The researchers found that. A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. Why does a manager need to evaluate the solution and look for problems after a solution has been implemented? A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed comprises his or her: B. conservative Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. B. feared self D. self-serving bias. D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: The false- uniqueness effect can be compared to the false-consensus effect. This is known as: -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. A. compare ourselves to close friends The false consensus bias is the tendency to see our own attitudes, beliefs and behavior as being typical. If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. False Consensus Effect. A. self-schemas Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: characteristics and abilities. D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: Attractive request -> less attractive request. B. looking-glass self A. individual achievement. A. self-handicapping The "correspondence bias" is another term that is used to refer to. So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. A. failure and distance ourselves from success. The Stroop test is a psychological test that highlights. In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. C. peaks and then drops sharply C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. Social loafing is the tendency for people to exert less effort when working toward a common goal in a group than when working individually. This misconception seems to arise from __________, since plane crash fatalities tend to be widely publicized and are therefore relatively easy for people to bring to mind. Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? Marshabecause of the simulation heuristic, Suppose that you are a landlord for an apartment building, and one of your tenants, Gus, has just paid his rent with a "bad check" (i.e., you tried to deposit his rent check in the bank, but the check "bounced" and was returned to you). These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. B. low; low If you make an external attribution for this event, then you might well be thinking, "So what! C. both the intensity and the duration According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, in determining what type of attribution to make for this event, one of the questions you are likely to ask yourself is: "Has Gus ever given me a 'bad check' before?" Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. A. they don't care A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. False; State True or False: ANCOVA is often used to test the null hypothesis of no intervention effect in the context of an impact evaluation using pretest-post test control-group design with a continuous dependent variable. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual A. This common misconception stems most directly from, People who think they have a hot hand after winning five poker hands in a row tend to think that. Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. C. learned helplessness B. less attractive than others Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. D. he is self-monitoring, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that the self-serving bias is adaptive? Social Psychology Midterm - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! A. excel Think of it like this. (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. C. large, selective university After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" is the tendency to underestimate the extent others actually possess the same attributes or talents and positive traits as yourself. B. weak C. Most psychology research has been conducted on children from middle-income families. the false uniqueness effect. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. Attribution theory is MOST concerned with, The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as. [1] In social psychology, pluralistic ignorance (also known as a collective illusion) [2] is a phenomenon which occurs when people mistakenly believe that everyone else holds a different opinion than their own. Brian's thinking most clearly reflects A. the false uniqueness effect. Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior? A. failure and distance ourselves from success More conformity is observed from a person that is of lesser status than the other group members. Her last relationship ended after 6 months and she is strongly motivated to make this relationship last longer. You begin to feel that you should give up, as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores. made about groups, made about individuals. humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. D. 80%; 60%. keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought. Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. C. successfully predict Sociology is the study of groups of people. Meanwhile, Jim thought the book was witty and provocative, and he seems to think that the reviewer shares HIS views. -You have a general sense of what cats are like, how they behave, and how they are different from other animals. This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . C. learned hopelessness Shortage is caused by issues pertaining to real goods and. Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") C. mirror-self the tendency. B. self-monitoring C. possible self One thing you ask yourself is whether you have ever seen him explode in anger at anyone else, or in other kinds of situations. D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. The overestimation could be explained in terms of, Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema. C. he is demonstrating false pride D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship. D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting. If we persist despite initial failures: B. overestimate D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. What is an example of false uniqueness effect? Some even held and attended 'coronavirus parties'! B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, people are MOST likely to make internal attributions for others' behaviors when. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. He's afraid of being unemployed and alone. B. low self-esteem B. he is demonstrating false modesty D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? The test requires people to look at the written names of several colors ("green," "red," "blue," etc. D. remains constant. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Fifth, false consensus is in line with a Bayesian analysis that assumes a uniform prior distribution and one's own view as the only evidence (Dawes & Mulford, 1996). What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem quizlet? She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. B. rage it is more likely they will win the next hand than it actually is. C. self-esteem )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. Wing Tung is using ____ to improve his thinking. A. the devil made me do it What percent of women in Western countries change their last names to adopt their husbands last name when they marry? A. self-interest colors our social judgment. She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. C. Keith who lives in Oregon C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments The attribution theorist Harold Kelley proposed that people make use of three types of information when they make attributions for others' behaviors. B. weak B. low self-esteem B. negative Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? C. independent magical thinking. Now of days, more and more car purchasers are being deceived by attempting of purchasing a used car online, As stated the study indicates that negatively valenced words are primed faster than positively valenced words. It would not be surprising if people overestimated the likelihood for celebrity marriages to end in divorce, since celebrity divorces tend to be highly publicized (while happy celebrity marriages do not as easily make front page news). D. an external locus of control, When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to B. self-schema D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? B. self-schema Narcissists value: B. social comparison When researchers survey men and women about the number of sex partners they have had, they tend to find that men report far more partners than womenwhich would seem to be logically impossible. Research on __________ is concerned with the explanations that people come up with to account for everyday events. A. excel. How would you frame the issue here? the tendency for people to assume that their faults are more common and widespread than they really are. How did Asch's study prove the concept of normative social influence? D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed, A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: She is trying to take her mind off of her ex-boyfriend, though, and to focus her attention on other things instead. The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who. B. low self-esteem D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. B. self-serving bias One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. It shows that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Paul commutes to and from work each day. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like After reading a story in the local newspaper about a recent robbery in the downtown area, Kerry remarks, "I'm not surprised he was robbed. B. collectivists; individualists B. pete A. failing to appreciate B. poor self-efficacy C. social rank A. Joel who lives in Hawaii Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. D. self-concept, Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: A. cooperation B. communality C. collectivism D. groupthink, When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect . the illusory correlation. These two types of fathers represent John's: C. implicit The simulation heuristic tends to invoke __________ thinking. He tells Kirk, If you dont start working out soon, you are going to die young and leave your children without a father! Dr. Canne is using a(n). Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: However . D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? She assumes that the students will stare at her and comment on her hair color. C. social ratings D. lower; increase, People with high self-esteem and narcissism are _____. What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? D. an internal locus of control, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. B. low self-esteem or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Add to folder In technical terms, the False Uniqueness Effect is an attributional bias of self-perception and belongs to the social psychology domain. Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy. C. lower; decrease A. the left hemisphere What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action Later, Joe learnsthat his sister's opinion was based on the fact that her boyfriend from "up north" recently dumped her. In other words. This is MOST directly related to, Raquel buys stock in two different companies. Paul's response demonstrates: B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events A. strong This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". True b. A. individualistic C. false modesty D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. We'll bring you back here when you are done. A. self-handicapping Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. C. high self-efficacy Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! C. a social comparison The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. C. self-efficacy C. high a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a . This is an example of: It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. C. progressives; traditionalists The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and unsuccessful behaviors. a. A false-uniqueness effect was found on the part of low-fear subjects, as they tended to underestimate the incidence of low fear among their peers. As discussed in the textbook, research participants who read a story about a character named "Donald"a character who engages in skydiving, demolition derby driving, and other similar activitiestend to think that Donald is especially reckless when, -they have been primed with words like "dangerous" and "risky. She therefore has a(n) _______ locus of control. However, researchers have also found that. Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to _____, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to _____.
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